【中英文對照】外交部關(guān)于堅持通過(guò)雙邊談判解決中國和菲律賓在南海有關(guān)爭議的聲明
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2016-06-13 16:57:02 | 來(lái)源：中國網(wǎng) | 作者： | 責任編輯：李瀟（2016年6月8日） | (8 June 2016) |
中國和菲律賓是隔海相望的近鄰，兩國人民傳統友誼深厚。中菲建交40多年來(lái)，兩國關(guān)系總體健康穩定發(fā)展，各領(lǐng)域合作富有成效，為兩國和兩國人民帶來(lái)了實(shí)實(shí)在在的利益。菲律賓2013年1月22日單方面就中菲有關(guān)南海問(wèn)題提起仲裁以前，中菲在南海雖有爭議，但南海形勢總體穩定。在中國的推動(dòng)下，中菲雙方圍繞建立對話(huà)機制、開(kāi)展務(wù)實(shí)合作、推進(jìn)共同開(kāi)發(fā)等進(jìn)行友好協(xié)商并取得積極成果。 菲律賓提起仲裁以來(lái)，單方面關(guān)閉了與中國通過(guò)談判解決南海有關(guān)爭議的大門(mén)，并違背雙方達成的關(guān)于管控分歧的共識，采取一系列侵權和挑釁行動(dòng)，導致中菲關(guān)系和南海局勢的急劇惡化。中國堅決反對菲律賓的單方面行動(dòng)，堅持不接受、不參與仲裁的嚴正立場(chǎng)，將堅持通過(guò)雙邊談判解決中菲在南海的有關(guān)爭議。 | China and the Philippines are neighbors facing each other across the sea, and the two peoples have enjoyed friendship over generations. Before the Philippines' unilateral initiation of the South China Sea arbitration on 22 January 2013, the overall situation in the South China Sea had remained stable despite certain disputes between China and the Philippines therein. Thanks to China's efforts, China and the Philippines carried out friendly consultations on, among others, establishing dialogue mechanisms and engaging in practical cooperation and joint development, and have achieved positive outcomes in this regard. However, ever since its initiation of the arbitration, the Philippines has unilaterally closed the door of settling the South China Sea issue with China through negotiation, and has, while turning its back on the bilateral consensus regarding managing differences, taken a series of provocative moves that infringed upon China's legitimate rights and interests. This has led to dramatic deterioration of China-Philippines relations as well as of peace and stability in the South China Sea. China is firmly opposed to the Philippines' unilateral actions. China adheres to the solemn position of non-acceptance of and non-participation in the arbitration, and will stay committed to settling the relevant disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea through bilateral negotiation. |
| 一、通過(guò)雙邊談判解決在南海的有關(guān)爭議是中菲共識和承諾 | I. It is the common agreement and commitment of China and the Philippines to settle their relevant disputes in the South China Sea through negotiation |
| 中國一貫主張與直接當事國在尊重歷史事實(shí)的基礎上，根據國際法，通過(guò)談判和平解決領(lǐng)土和海洋劃界爭議。在領(lǐng)土主權和海洋劃界問(wèn)題上，中國從來(lái)不接受任何訴諸第三方的爭端解決方式，不接受任何強加于中國的爭端解決方案。領(lǐng)土主權問(wèn)題不屬于《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的調整范圍。對于海洋劃界爭議，中國已于2006年根據《公約》第298條作出排除性聲明，將涉及海洋劃界等方面的爭議排除在《公約》規定的第三方爭端解決程序之外。 | China has all along stood for peacefully settling territorial and maritime delimitation disputes through negotiation with States directly concerned on the basis of respecting historical facts and in accordance with international law. On issues concerning territorial sovereignty and maritime delimitation, China never accepts any recourse to third party settlement, or any means of dispute settlement that is imposed on it. Territorial sovereignty issues are not subject to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). With regard to maritime delimitation disputes, China made, pursuant to Article 298 of UNCLOS, an optional exceptions declaration in 2006, excluding disputes concerning, among others, maritime delimitation from the UNCLOS third party dispute settlement procedures. |
| 通過(guò)雙邊談判解決中菲在南海的有關(guān)爭議，既是中國政府的一貫政策，也是中菲之間達成的明確共識。 | It is not only the Chinese government's consistent policy, but also a clear agreement reached between China and the Philippines, to settle their relevant disputes in the South China Sea through negotiation. |
| 1995年8月10日，中菲共同發(fā)表的《中華人民共和國和菲律賓共和國關(guān)于南海問(wèn)題和其他領(lǐng)域合作的磋商聯(lián)合聲明》規定，“有關(guān)爭議應通過(guò)平等和相互尊重基礎上的磋商和平友好地加以解決”；“雙方承諾循序漸進(jìn)地進(jìn)行合作，最終談判解決雙方爭議”。此后，中國和菲律賓通過(guò)一系列雙邊文件確認通過(guò)雙邊談判協(xié)商解決南海有關(guān)爭議的共識，例如：1999年3月23日《中菲建立信任措施工作小組會(huì )議聯(lián)合公報》，2000年5月16日《中華人民共和國政府和菲律賓共和國政府關(guān)于21世紀雙邊合作框架的聯(lián)合聲明》等。 | The 10 August 1995 Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines concerning Consultations on the South China Sea and on Other Areas of Cooperation states that "[d]isputes shall be settled in a peaceful and friendly manner through consultations on the basis of equity and mutual respect", and that "a gradual and progressive process of cooperation shall be adopted with a view to eventually negotiating a settlement of the bilateral disputes." Afterwards, China and the Philippines reaffirmed the consensus on settling the South China Sea issue through bilateral negotiation and consultation in a number of bilateral documents, such as the 23 March 1999 Joint Statement of the China-Philippines Experts' Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures and the 16 May 2000 Joint Statement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on the Framework of Bilateral Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century. |
| 2002年11月4日，中國同東盟10國共同簽署《南海各方行為宣言》。各方在《宣言》中鄭重承諾：“根據公認的國際法原則，包括1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》，由直接有關(guān)的主權國家通過(guò)友好磋商和談判，以和平方式解決它們的領(lǐng)土和管轄權爭議，而不訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。” | On 4 November 2002, China and the ten ASEAN Member States signed the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), in which the Parties concerned solemnly "undertake to resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful means, without resorting to the threat or use of force, through friendly consultations and negotiations by sovereign States directly concerned, in accordance with universally recognized principles of international law, including the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea". |
| 此后，中菲通過(guò)一系列雙邊文件確認各自在《宣言》中作出的鄭重承諾，例如：2004年9月3日《中華人民共和國政府和菲律賓共和國政府聯(lián)合新聞公報》、2011年9月1日《中華人民共和國和菲律賓共和國聯(lián)合聲明》等。 | Afterwards, China and the Philippines reaffirmed this solemn commitment they had made in the DOC in a number of bilateral documents, such as the 3 September 2004 Joint Press Statement between the Government of the People' s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the 1 September 2011 Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines. |
| 二、中菲之間從未就菲律賓提起仲裁的事項進(jìn)行過(guò)談判 | II. China and the Philippines have never conducted any negotiation on the subject-matters of the arbitration initiated by the Philippines |
| 菲律賓聲稱(chēng)，1995年之后中菲兩國就菲律賓仲裁請求中提及的事項多次交換意見(jiàn)，但未能解決爭端；菲律賓有正當理由認為繼續談判已無(wú)意義，因而有權提起仲裁。事實(shí)與菲方所述完全相反，迄今為止，中菲兩國從未就菲律賓所提仲裁事項進(jìn)行過(guò)談判。 | According to the Philippines, China and the Philippines have engaged in a number of exchanges of views since 1995 on the subject-matters of the arbitration initiated by the Philippines but the disputes have remained unsettled, and the Philippines has good reasons to believe that it is meaningless to continue the negotiations and it therefore has the right to initiate the arbitration. The fact, rather to the contrary, is that the two States have by far never engaged in any negotiation on the subject-matters of the arbitration. |
| 中菲曾就妥善處理海上爭議進(jìn)行多次磋商，但尚未舉行旨在解決有關(guān)爭議的任何談判。中國多次向菲律賓提出建立“中菲海上問(wèn)題定期磋商機制”的建議，但一直未獲菲律賓答復。2011年9月1日，雙方發(fā)表《中華人民共和國和菲律賓共和國聯(lián)合聲明》，再次承諾通過(guò)談判解決有關(guān)爭議。此后，中國多次向菲律賓建議重啟中菲建立信任措施磋商機制，未得到菲律賓任何回應。菲律賓所謂繼續談判沒(méi)有意義才提起仲裁的說(shuō)法，毫無(wú)根據。 | China and the Philippines have held multiple rounds of consultations on the proper management of disputes at sea, but have by far had no negotiation designed to settle the relevant disputes in the South China Sea. China has on a number of occasions proposed with the Philippines the establishment of a China-Philippines regular consultation mechanism on maritime issues; however, to date, there has never been any response from the Philippine side. On 1 September 2011, the two countries issued the Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Philippines, reiterating the commitment to settling the disputes in the South China Sea through negotiation. Thereafter, China, for many times, proposed restart of the China-Philippines consultation mechanism for confidence-building measures, but this proposal has once again fallen on deaf ears. It is completely groundless for the Philippines to claim that it is meaningless to continue the negotiations, and that the Philippine side has had to initiate the arbitration. |
| 三、菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違背中菲通過(guò)談判解決爭議的共識，不符合《公約》規定 | III. The Philippines' unilateral initiation of arbitration goes against the bilateral agreement on settling the disputes through negotiation and violates the provisions of UNCLOS |
| 菲律賓單方面提起南海仲裁，違背中菲之間達成并多次確認的通過(guò)雙邊談判解決有關(guān)爭議的共識，違反其在《宣言》中作出的莊嚴承諾，是對“約定必須遵守”原則的破壞和對《公約》爭端解決機制的濫用，不符合包括《公約》在內的國際法。 | The South China Sea arbitration was unilaterally initiated by the Philippines. In doing so, the Philippines has turned its back on the agreement reached and repeatedly reaffirmed by China and the Philippines on settling the relevant disputes in the South China Sea through negotiation and violated its own solemn commitment in the DOC. This is a violation of the principle of Pacta sunt servanda and an abuse of the UNCLOS dispute settlement procedures. It goes against international law, including UNCLOS. |
| 第一，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁，違反中菲通過(guò)雙邊談判解決爭議的協(xié)議。中菲在有關(guān)雙邊文件和《宣言》中已就通過(guò)談判解決有關(guān)爭議達成協(xié)議并多次予以確認。上述中菲兩國各項雙邊文件以及《宣言》的相關(guān)規定相輔相成，構成中菲兩國之間有拘束力的協(xié)議。兩國據此選擇了以談判方式解決有關(guān)爭議。菲律賓違背自己的莊嚴承諾，是嚴重的背信棄義行為。 | First, by unilaterally initiating the arbitration, the Philippines has violated its agreement with China to settle the relevant disputes through bilateral negotiation. In relevant bilateral documents and the DOC, China and the Philippines have agreed to settle through negotiation their disputes in the South China Sea and reaffirmed this agreement many times. The above bilateral documents between China and the Philippines and relevant provisions in the DOC are mutually reinforcing and constitute a binding agreement, by which both sides have chosen to settle the relevant disputes through negotiation. The Philippines' breach of its own solemn commitment is a deliberate act of bad faith. |
| 第二，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁，侵犯《公約》規定的締約國自主選擇爭端解決方式的權利。《公約》第15部分第280條規定，“本公約的任何規定均不損害任何締約國于任何時(shí)候協(xié)議用自行選擇的任何和平方法解決它們之間有關(guān)本公約的解釋或適用的爭端的權利”；第281條規定，“作為有關(guān)本公約的解釋或適用的爭端各方的締約各國，如已協(xié)議用自行選擇的和平方法來(lái)謀求解決爭端，則只有在訴諸這種方法仍未得到解決以及爭端各方間的協(xié)議并不排除任何其他程序的情形下，才適用本部分所規定的程序”。由于中菲之間已就通過(guò)談判解決爭議作出明確選擇，并排除了包括仲裁在內的第三方爭端解決方式，《公約》第15部分規定的第三方爭端解決程序不適用于中菲之間。 | Second, by unilaterally initiating the arbitration, the Philippines has violated the right, as provided for in UNCLOS, of a State Party to UNCLOS to choose the means of dispute settlement of its own will. Article 280 of Part XV of UNCLOS stipulates that: "Nothing in this Part impairs the right of any States Parties to agree at any time to settle a dispute between them concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention by any peaceful means of their own choice." Article 281 of UNCLOS provides that: "If the States Parties which are parties to a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention have agreed to seek settlement of the dispute by a peaceful means of their own choice, the procedures provided for in this Part apply only where no settlement has been reached by recourse to such means and the agreement between the parties does not exclude any further procedure". Given that China and the Philippines have made an unequivocal choice to settle the relevant disputes through negotiation, and have excluded third party settlement procedures, including arbitration, the third party dispute settlement procedures stipulated by Part XV of UNCLOS is thus non-applicable in this regard. |
| 第三，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁，違反《公約》第283條有關(guān)交換意見(jiàn)義務(wù)的規定。菲律賓無(wú)視中菲從未就其仲裁事項進(jìn)行任何談判的事實(shí)，故意將其與中國就一般性海洋事務(wù)和合作進(jìn)行的一些磋商曲解為就其仲裁事項進(jìn)行的談判，并以此為借口聲稱(chēng)已窮盡雙邊談判手段，與有關(guān)事實(shí)截然相反，完全是別有用心的。 | Third, by unilaterally initiating the arbitration, the Philippines has breached Article 283 of UNCLOS regarding the duty of exchange of views. The Philippines deliberately misrepresents certain consultations with China on maritime affairs and cooperation, all of a general nature, as negotiations over the subject-matters of the arbitration, and uses this as an excuse to claim that bilateral negotiations have been exhausted. This is despite the fact that the two States have never engaged in any negotiation on those subject-matters. Such claim made by the Philippines is fundamentally contrary to facts, and must have been made with ulterior motives. |
| 四、中國將繼續堅持通過(guò)談判解決與菲律賓在南海的有關(guān)爭議 | IV. China will adhere to the position of settling the relevant disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea through negotiation |
| 中國是維護南海和平穩定的重要力量。中國一貫遵守《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨和原則，堅定維護和促進(jìn)國際法治，尊重和踐行國際法，將在堅定維護中國在南海的領(lǐng)土主權和海洋權益的同時(shí)，堅持通過(guò)談判協(xié)商解決爭議，堅持通過(guò)規則機制管控分歧，堅持通過(guò)互利合作實(shí)現共贏(yíng)，致力于把南海建設成和平之海、友誼之海和合作之海。 | China is a major force for upholding peace and stability in the South China Sea. China is a staunch supporter of the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. It is committed to upholding and promoting international rule of law and shall always respect and act in accordance with international law. While firmly safeguarding its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, China adheres to the position of settling disputes through negotiation and consultation and managing differences through relevant rules and mechanisms. China endeavors to achieve win-win outcomes through mutually beneficial cooperation, and is committed to making the South China Sea a sea of peace, cooperation and friendship. |
| 在領(lǐng)土主權和海洋劃界問(wèn)題上，中國不接受任何訴諸第三方的爭端解決方式，不接受任何強加于中國的爭端解決方案。中菲雙邊談判的大門(mén)始終是敞開(kāi)的。中國將繼續堅持在尊重歷史事實(shí)基礎上，根據國際法，通過(guò)雙邊談判解決與菲律賓在南海的有關(guān)爭議。中國敦促菲律賓立刻停止推進(jìn)仲裁程序的錯誤舉動(dòng)，回到通過(guò)雙邊談判解決中菲在南海的有關(guān)爭議的正確道路上來(lái)。 | On issues concerning territory and maritime delimitation, China does not accept any means of dispute settlement imposed on it; nor does China accept any recourse to third party settlement. The door of China-Philippines bilateral negotiation is always open. China will remain committed to settling through negotiation the relevant disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea on the basis of respecting historical facts and in accordance with international law. China urges the Philippines to immediately cease its wrongful conduct of pushing forward the arbitral proceedings, and return to the right path of settling the relevant disputes in the South China Sea through bilateral negotiation with China. |